Edible pet chew of artificial bully stick

ABSTRACT

An edible pet chew comprises a member of Artificial Bully Stick formed from a composition material with pizzle ingredient imitating existing traditional bully stick products, serving as an alternative to traditional bully stick. The imitation may include the structure, and/or appearance, and/or size, and/or color, and/or texture, and/or flavor, and/or durability, and/or palatability of traditional bully stick. Preferably it is an extruded stick processed by an extruder.

CROSS REFERENCE OF RELATED APPLICATION

This is a continuation in part application that claims the benefit ofpriority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/059,420, filed on Oct. 21, 2013, which is a continuation inpart of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/052,113, filed Mar. 21,2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,776,728. This application is also related to anon-provisional application, U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/289,610, filed on May 28, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,044,039, which isa continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/052,113, filed onMar. 21, 2011. This application is also related to U.S. application Ser.No. 13/052,113, filed on Mar. 21, 2011.

This application claims the priority to China Patent Application SerialNo. 201710697772.9, filed on Aug. 15, 2017.

NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialwhich is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to any reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as itappears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent files orrecords, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION Field of Invention

The field of this invention relates to an Edible Pet Chew.

Description of Related Arts

Domestic pets, primarily dogs, have an instinct to chew which keepstheir teeth healthy, exercises their jaws and teeth and keeps teethclean. “Pet Chew” products have been introduced to the market for manyyears to accommodate that instinctive urge to chew in a healthydirection.

“Pet Chews” are intended to be chewed by a pet/dog for an extendedperiod of time before being digested. A great part of pet chew productsin the market are traditional Bully Sticks welcome very much by dogs andconsumers, which are made of natural bovine penis. Generally foreskin ofbovine penis is removed, cleaned and then dehydrated by for exampleheating or freeze-drying. It enjoys an inherent “good palatability” and“durability (after dehydrating process)” which makes it an outstandingsuccessful product in the trade.

However, traditional bully stick products have some drawbacks, suchas: 1. extremely high price per gram. Due to the natural scarcityproperty with the source of natural bovine pizzle, raw materials (bovinepizzle) for producing traditional bully sticks are sold at an extremelyhigh price, which creates the final products, traditional bully sticks,being sold to consumers at an extremely high price. 2. Materially hardto acquisition due to natural scarcity property with the source ofnatural bovine pizzle.

In the market, there's another popular products in a form of extrudedstick, typically formulated by plant based materials, enjoying a lowcost materials. Also, it is a product with “durability” property whichcan provide a long chewing time for dogs. However these kind of productsare sold by many distributors/retailers under a great competition. Thecompetition is a homogeneous one, in which a product is hard to be welldistinguished from another. A homogeneity product is hard to attractconsumers to buy.

What is required is to provide a pet chew overcoming the drawbacksabove-mentioned accompanying the existing traditional bully stickproduct and extruded stick products.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/858,592 by Shrestha, filed on Apr.8, 2013, disclosed a pet chew comprising a hardened cheese and a dryanimal tissue such as bully sticks attached to the cheese piece. And italso disclosed a kind of animal tissue puff such as bully puff. However,the bully sticks or bully puff it attempted to apply as still istraditional bully sticks, no new matters. It still has the drawbacks oftraditionally bully stick as aforementioned.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,479,687 by Anderson, filed on Feb. 14, 2007, disclosed apet chew with rawhide and traditional bully stick (or steer penis) woventogether. Since it's still a traditional bully stick product, it suffersthe drawbacks of traditional bully stick aforementioned.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,074,609 B2 by Grant Adkins, filed on Mar. 25, 2010,disclosed a rawhide pet chew with a traditional bully stick wrapped in.But since it's still a traditional bully stick product, it suffers thedrawbacks of traditional bully stick aforementioned.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,677,203 by Stern, filed on Nov. 21, 2006, disclosed apet chew with a plant based outer casing and a chewy edible materialpositioned within the casing. However, it is silent about an intentionto make a bully-stick-like product imitating bully stick. The productsit disclosed have nothing to do with traditional bully stick, whichdoesn't have any features of imitating traditional bully stick. And itfails to disclose an extruded pet chew with pizzle ingredient.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/295,009 by Doerr, filed on Jun. 3,2014, disclosed a pet chew comprising an amylase filling and a collagencasing. However it is silent about an intention to form a pet chew thatis artificial bully stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE). It lacks of allnecessary features that a traditional bully stick presents, for examplebully stick shapes and structure. Thus it fails to attract consumers byworking as a new product alternative to traditional bull stick product.Furthermore, it has a filling center that may use 40% bully pizzlematerial, however it fails to disclose how many pizzle ingredientpercentage in weight exists in whole product formula, which makes itunable to label the product as “with pizzle” according to AAFCO rule. Adisadvantage with this product is that, it has a collagen outer casing,where collagen material is considered to incur disadvantages such as: A,collagen material isn't inherently attractive making it fail to urgedogs to chew; B, manufacture of animal hide and collagen is relativelyunregulated industry. It may create pollution to environment. H2O2 andNaOH chemicals that are used for rawhide manufacture and heavy metalsmay remain in finished products which harms dogs' health.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

An objective of the present invention is to provide a pet chew stickwith pizzle ingredient imitating traditional bully stick products whichis very much welcome by dogs and consumers.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a pet chew withboth “inherently good palatability” and “durability” simultaneously.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an edible petchew serving as an alternative to existing traditional Bully Stickproduct by imitate the structure, and/or appearance, and/or size, and/orcolor, and/or texture, and/or flavor, and/or durability, and/orpalatability of traditional bully stick.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an edible petchew incorporate two existing popular products into a single product,where the two existing products are plant based extruded stick productand traditional bully stick product.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an edible petchew with an outer layer and an inner member, wherein the outer layer iswith good durability and strength, which imitate a feature oftraditional bully stick.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an edible petchew stick with a cross section outline shape similar to that oftraditional bully sticks.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an edible petchew formed from a composition.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an ArtificialBully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew which is hugely cheaper thantraditional bully stick.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an ArtificialBully Stick pet chew which is raw-material-acquisition comparativelyhugely easier than traditional bully stick.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an edible petchew stick with pizzle material. The stick is obtained by extrudingprocess with an extruder, so as to achieve the “chewy” property of thepet chew products.

An objective of the present invention is to provide an edible pet chewwith limited animal hide ingredient in the products or even withoutanimal hide ingredient.

An objective of the present invention is to provide an edible pet chewincluding an Artificial Bully Stick chew member and an edible materialmember being assembled together.

Additional advantages and features of the invention will become apparentfrom the description which follows, and may be realized by means of theinstrumentalities and combinations particular point out in the appendedclaims.

Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from aconsideration of the ensuing description and drawings.

These and other objectives, features, and advantages of the presentinvention will become apparent from the following detailed description,the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference now is made to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an Artificial Bully Stick (or sayBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew with a stick configuration, with a crosssection outline shape like letter “B”.

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of an Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew which is formed by splitting pet chew of0100.

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a pet chew with two separate members ofArtificial Bully Stick members, being woven together.

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of an Artificial Bully Stick pet chew with aspiral configuration.

FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a dumbbell-shape edible pet chew with amember of Artificial Bully Stick chew stick 0501 and two members ofcomposition balls 0502/0503.

FIG. 6 is a prior art, a top plan view of a natural flesh of pizzle,which works as a starting material for producing traditional bullystick.

FIG. 7 is a prior art, a top plan view of a segment of fresh pizzle.

FIG. 8 is a prior art, a cross section view of a final traditional bullystick product after dehydrating process.

FIG. 9 is a prior art, a top plan view of a final product of adehydrated bully stick with a typical cross section outline shaperesembling letter “B”.

FIG. 10 is a prior art, a top plan view of a traditional bully stickproduct which is formed by splitting pet chew of 0900

FIG. 11 is a prior art, a top plan view of a group of traditional bullystick products with various cross section outline shapes.

FIG. 12 is a prior art, a top plan view of another group of traditionalbully stick products with various cross section outline shapes

FIG. 13 is a prior art, a top plan view of a typical extruder, a machinesystem for producing pet chew products.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The following description is disclosed to enable any person skilled inthe art to make and use the present invention. Preferred embodiments areprovided in the following description only as examples and modificationswill be apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principlesdefined in the following description would be applied to otherembodiments, alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and applicationswithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the term of “Bully stick” refers to a pet chewproduct of dehydrated animal (especially but not limited to bovineanimal, bovine especially refers to bull or steer) pizzle, or segmentthereof, for dogs to chew on, where the pizzle is derived from a naturalanimal penis cut from slaughtered animals (especially bovine), typicallywith foreskin being removed. Bovine (especially bull or steer) penis,known in pet chew market as pizzles. This bully stick is so calledtraditional bully stick made of dehydrated a natural part of an animal(especially bovine).

Pet chew stick of present invention is intended to work as analternative to traditional GENUINE Bully Sticks aforementioned.

The term of “Artificial Bully Stick pet chew” (or say Bully-Stick-LIKEpet chew) in present invention refers a pet chew or a pet chew member ina shape of stick formed from a composition material, imitating thefeatures of traditional GENUINE bully stick product including structure,and/or appearance, and/or size, and/or color, and/or texture, and/orflavor, and/or durability, and/or palatability, but it is not atraditional GENUINE bully stick.

It is known that a market-popular pet chew product should include twomajor factors, i.e. property of “chewy” (durability) and property of“inherently good palatability”. “Chewy” means a material that can endurea dog's chewing for a long time before its being ingested. “Goodpalatability” means a material with inherent attractant to dogs withoutadding additional artificial flavorings. A market-successful pet chewproduct is required to have both properties. Artificial Bully Stick petchew disclosed by present invention is a product with both “inherentlygood palatability” and “durability”.

Before disclosing present invention, as a prior art, let's address atypical specification/structure and manufacturing process for thesetraditional GENUINE Bully Stick products as follows (from points 1 to6):

1. Prepare natural flesh of pizzle. Now refer to FIG. 6 (Prior Art),0600 gets ready which is cut from slaughtered bovine animal. 0601 isroot of the bovine penis. Shaft part from point 0601 to 0602 is atypical portion of pizzle that is applied to make Bully Sticks. 0603 isglans of a pizzle, which is also can be included in finished products insome specific products.

2. FIG. 7 (Prior Art) is a segment of fresh pizzle. 0703 refers to agroove longitudinally along the whole pizzle. 0701 is muscle of thepizzle, serving as an outer layer for the whole pizzle piecedistinguished from the inner member 0702. 0704 is the surface of thepizzle. 0702 includes tissues of corpus cavernosum, spongiosum, urethra,etc.

3. Having pizzle dehydrated by for example solar drying, heating orfreeze drying. FIG. 8 (Prior Art) is a cross section figure for a finalbully stick product after dehydrating process. This cross section iswith a typical outline shape similar to letter “B”. 0801 is dehydratedmuscle with hard quality. 0802 is dehydrated corpus cavernosum. 0803refers to a groove longitudinally along the pizzle. 0804 is dehydratedspongiosum.

4. FIG. 9 (Prior Art) is a final product, a dehydrated bully stick witha typical cross section outline shape similar to letter “B”. 0901 and0904 is hard outer layer of the bully stick made of dehydrated muscle.0902 is inner member including tissues of corpus cavernosum, spongiosum,urethra, etc. 0903 refers to a groove longitudinally along the wholebully sticks body.

5. 1101, 1102, 1103 and 1104 in FIG. 11 (Prior Art) reflect a group ofvarious cross section outline shapes that traditional bully sticks mayhave. Also 1201 to 1207 in FIG. 12 (Prior Art) reflect a group ofvarious cross section outline shapes that traditional bully sticks mayhave

6. Typical outstanding features (including structure features) of BullyStick product are derived from and determined by aforementioned naturalbovine penis natural features. It is disclosed by present inventor that,traditional bully stick product has its essential typical features asfollows (from A to K):

A. Bully stick includes an outer layer and an inner member, where theformer holds the latter by surrounding it. This structure is derivedfrom pizzle inherent structure. The outer layer is formed by muscle andinner member formed by tissues of corpus cavernosum, spongiosum,urethra, etc. Products in FIGS. 8 (Prior Art) and 9 (Prior Art) reflectthis pet chew structure.

B. After being dehydrated, inherently, the outer layer of Bully Stickformed by muscle enjoys a property of getting hard. The hardness ideallyaccommodates dog's chewing desire, making it an ideal pet chew product.Traditional bully stick makes itself outstanding with a longestdurability hardness.

C. It is inherently a stick shape product. And in some other bully stickproducts, it is initially a stick shape and is finally manipulated to adesired shape for example Spiral or Braid different from initial stickshape.

D. Bully stick has pizzle ingredient, which is a very strong flavorproduct enjoying an irresistible attraction to dogs. Pizzle ingredientoffers “inherently good palatability” for the pet chew.

E. Cross section of traditional bully stick presents characteristicoutline shapes. A typical outline is in a shape similar to letter “B”,or peanut, or arabic numerals “8”. Products in FIGS. 8 (Prior Art) and 9(Prior Art) reflect this feature. Some other outline shapes aredescribed in FIGS. 11 (Prior Art) and 12 (Prior Art). (These outlineshapes created by inherent feature of natural pizzles)

F. An inherent groove appears longitudinally along the whole BullySticks body. Products in FIGS. 8 and 9 reflect this feature.

G. Typical properties of the outer layer include: beingsemi-transparent, and with fiber-like texture. (these two properties ofouter layer are created by the nature of the muscle that forms the outerlayer)

H. Typical range of thickness of the outer layer is 1 mm-5 mm.

I. Typical properties of the inner member include: spongy, comparativelymore unconsolidated or looser in texture than the muscle outer layer.For example FIGS. 8 and 9, product 0800/0900 has an inner member0802/0902 which includes tissues of corpus cavernosum, spongiosum,urethra, which is unconsolidated. And there are some small holes spreadsubstantially homogeneously to the inner member body. Refer to FIG. 8,0802 from bully stick has tiny holes. (these properties of inner memberare created by the nature of corpus cavernosum and/or spongiosum tissuesthat exist in a pizzle)

J. Inner member color is lighter than outer layer color. Inner membercolor is typically white or yellowing white. Outer layer color istypically light brown, brown, dark brown, red brown or muscle color. Forexample 0902 from pet chew 0900 is in white color and 0901 is in lightbrown. Density of inner member is lighter than Bully Stick outer layer.For example 0902 is lighter than 0901 in density. (these properties ofcolor recognition are created by the nature of a pizzle)

K. Pizzle flavor. Traditional bully stick has an inherent characteristicpizzle flavor, which greatly attracts dogs to chew.

All prior arts are silent with an intention to well imitate traditionalBully Stick with a composition material replacing the natural animalpizzle products. This new product requires surprising invention, where askilled person with ordinary skills in this art can't disclose it.Especially, all prior arts are silent to create a pet chew with featuresof the following as a whole: it's an extruded stick with pizzleingredient and plant ingredient, with a hard outer layers and an innermember, with cross section outline shape of “B”, or peanut, or “8” andwith a groove longitudinally along its stick body.

It is also surprisingly disclosed by present inventor that, primaryfeatures of present invention are to imitate theproperties/features/structure of traditional Bully Stick aforementioned.It's disclosed by present inventor that, a pet chew product mustnecessarily bear at least one property/feature as described above(especially A, B and C), OR, the pet chew will fail to imitatetraditional Bully Sticks.

Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) Pet Chew of presentinvention imitating genuine bully stick is now being disclosed to serveas an alternative to traditional GENUINE Bully Sticks aforementioned,with significantly lower product cost, imitating some necessaryproperties or features (at least including appearance features) oftraditional Bully Stick. Artificial Bully Stick Pet Chew disclosed bypresent invention is distinguished from traditional Bully Sticks, whichis typically an extruded stick product formed with a compositionmaterial with ground bovine pizzle. As a contrast, traditional BullyStick is substantially a single ingredient product without beingprocessed other than dehydrating process.

One advantage of the Artificial Bully Stick pet chew of presentinvention is hugely cheaper material cost than traditional bully stick.The Artificial Bully Stick pet chew is extremely cheaper thantraditional bully stick which is made of substantially 100% bovinepizzle. The latter could be 4 times of the price of the former. Due tothe natural scarcity property with the source of natural bovine pizzle,raw materials (bovine pizzle) for producing traditional bully sticks aresold at an extremely high price, which creates the final products,traditional bully sticks, being sold to consumers at an extremely highprice. Another advantage is, easier acquisition of raw material v.s.traditional bully stick products. Producing traditional bully stickproducts requires huge volume of natural animal pizzle. The ArtificialBully Stick pet chew of present invention is formed from a compositionpartially with pizzle ingredient. For example the composition has 10%pizzle in formula (90% is non-pizzle ingredient which is extremelyacquisition-easier material than pizzle), in which producing thisproduct just requires one tenth of pizzle material to manufacture thesame quantity of finished products v.s. traditional bully stickproducts. Preparing the composition materials for production ofArtificial Bully Stick pet chew is much more easier than traditionalbully sticks.

Preferably, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew(or pet chew member) of present invention includes an outer layer and aninner member, where the former holds the latter by surrounding it, in apurpose to imitate a typical feature of traditional Bully Sticks.Preferably, the thickness of the outer layer is homogenous along thewhole stick body, like traditional bully stick. Now refer to FIG. 1,0100 is an extruded pet chew with outer layer of 0101 and inner memberof 0102. Typically, the outer layers serves as an outer casing for thepet chew surrounding the inner member, together forming a stick shapeproduct.

Cross section outline shape of the Artificial Bully Stick pet chew ofpresent invention resembles the cross section outline shape of naturalBully Sticks, with a purpose to imitate Bully Sticks. Natural bullysticks have various cross section outline shapes which are inherentlydetermined by raw material of pizzles. Preferably, cross section of theArtificial Bully Stick pet chew of present invention is substantiallywith an outline shape similar to letter “B”, or peanut, or arabicnumerals “8”, imitating a typical cross section outline shape oftraditional bully sticks as aforementioned. Now refer to FIG. 1, 0100 isan extruded pet chew with a typical cross section outline shape similarto letter “B”, with a purpose to imitate a typical cross section outlineshape of traditional bully sticks.

Some other alternative outline shapes for the Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew can refer to the various ones thattraditional bully stick may feature with as described in FIGS. 11 and12.

Preferably, Artificial Bully Stick pet chew (or pet chew member) ofpresent invention has a groove longitudinally along the whole pet chewstick body, with a purpose to imitate a typical inherent groove oftraditional Bully Stick products. Now refer to FIG. 1, 0100 is anextruded pet chew with 0202, the groove along the stick body to imitatenatural Bully Sticks, which is formed by extruder die with pre-designshape forming a groove in extruding process.

It should be noted that, all prior arts are silent to create a pet chewwith features of the following AS A WHOLE: it's an artificial bullystick, it's an extruded stick formed from a composition material withpizzle ingredient and plant ingredient, with a hard outer layers and ainner member, with cross section outline shape of “B”, or peanut, or “8”and with a groove longitudinally along its stick body.

Preferably, outer layer of the Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew stick of present invention issemi-transparent. And preferably, the outer layer presents fiber-liketexture. These are in a purpose to imitate a typical outer layer textureof traditional Bully Sticks. The thickness of outer layer of theArtificial Bully Stick of present invention is typically 1 mm-5 mm,imitating the thickness feature of traditional bully stick products.

Preferably, inner member of the Artificial Bully Stick pet chew ofpresent invention is comparatively more unconsolidated or looser intexture than the muscle outer layer. Preferably, inner member of theArtificial Bully Stick pet chew of present invention has some smallholes spread substantially homogeneously to the inner member body. Nowrefer to FIG. 1, 0100 is an extruded pet chew with inner member 0102comparatively looser than muscle out layer 0101. Preferably, there aresome tiny holes spread substantially homogeneously to the inner memberbody.

Preferably, inner member color of the Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew is lighter than outer layer color. Now referto FIG. 1, 0100 is an extruded pet chew with inner member of 0102 islighter than muscle outer layer 0101 in color. Inner member color istypically white or yellowing white. Outer layer color is typically lightbrown, brown, dark brown, red brown or muscle color.

Preferably, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chewincludes artificial pizzle flavor (or say bully stick flavor) in itsformula, which further enhances its attraction to consumers.

In some embodiments of present invention, the outer layer hardness ofthe Artificial Bully Stick pet chew is with a durometer value between 80and 100. In other embodiments of present invention, the outer layerhardness of the edible pet chew is with a durometer value between 60 and80. In other embodiments of present invention, the outer layer hardnessof the edible pet chew is with a durometer value between 50 and 60. Inother embodiments of present invention, the outer layer hardness of theedible pet chew is with a durometer value between 40 and 50.

Now to disclose formulas that form the Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew.

Now to define the phrase of “on an as formulated basis” in presentinvention that may be used in following paragraphs. It is about a meansto determine weight percentages of an ingredient in a product. “On an asformulated basis” is also a method that currently FDA (or AAFCO)organizations of USA usually utilize to determine weight percentage foran ingredient in a product. By the means of “on an as formulated basis”,the weight percentage of an ingredient in a food is determined as it isadded in the formulation of the food, including its inherent watercontent, not counting the water added for processing. All weightpercentage values of ingredients appearing in present invention applythis “on an as formulated basis” rule.

The formula of the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chewof present invention includes pizzle (or animal penis) ingredient on anas formulated basis. The advantages of including pizzle ingredient inthe formula go as follows (from point 1 to 4):

1. This product is an extruded Artificial Bully Stick pet chew withcomposition materials intended to imitate the properties of traditionalbully stick products. A formula with pizzle will make the pet chew notonly with a traditional bully stick appearance, but also with real bullystick ingredients, where product formula feature is in conformity withproduct appearance. Selling points of finished products are enhanced bythe conformity.

2. Another advantage of applying pizzle ingredient to the ArtificialBully Stick pet chew formula is that, it provides a perfect means tomake full use of pizzle leftovers created from genuine bully stickmanufacturing industry. A marketable genuine bully stick need be fairlylong, for example at least longer than 4″. A bully stick product lessthan for example 4″ has a jeopardy of dog choking. Most popular bullystick length welcome by consumers is 6″ and 12″. Producing 6″/12″ bullysticks by cutting a pizzle with initial length to desired lengthcertainly generate a lot of small sized pizzle segments. These segmentswere purchased with a full price but manufacturers didn't come up with amethod to make good use of them. The Artificial Bully Stick pet chew ofpresent invention can well make use of the pizzle segments by forexample grinding them to small piece and having them added to itscomposition formula.

3. Yet another advantage of applying pizzle ingredient to the ArtificialBully Stick pet chew formula is that, the pizzle ingredient can providenatural pizzle flavor to the pet chew without adding artificial flavors.Natural pizzle flavor is thought to be healthier element than artificialpizzle flavor.

4. Pizzle ingredient is a natural premium protein source for a pet chewproduct.

Preferably, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew ofpresent invention includes at least 3% pizzle (or animal penis)ingredient in formula. The reason why it has to be with “at least 3%”pizzle ingredients goes as follows (point 1 and 2):

1. “At least 3% pizzle” provides basic inherent attractant attractingdogs to chew on. Per palatability tests conducted by present inventor,this Artificial Bully Stick pet chew with less than 3% can't providebasic inherent attraction to dogs without aid of other attractantingredient. “At least 3% pizzle” offering “start point” palatability. Weconducted palatability contrast tests to determine the smallestpercentage of pizzle ingredient to put into the Artificial Bully Stickpet chew. The test interprets that when the pizzle percentage goes up to3% or larger than 3%, a jump of number of preference appears v.s. plainextruded stick chews w/o pizzle ingredient. And the preference isconsistent when the pizzle percentage stays at 3% to 10%. Therefore 3%is determined to be the minimum pizzle percentage in the ArtificialBully Stick pet chew.

2. At least 3% pizzle in formula enables product labeling to claim “withpizzle”, or “with real pizzle”, or “with bully stick ingredient” or“with real bully stick” on consumer packages, enhancing product sellingpoints to consumers. A product with less than 3% pizzle can't indicate“with pizzle” on package labels legally. This is a favorable advantagefor the Artificial Bully Stick pet chew product to indicate “withpizzle” as a part of product name which makes the product attractive toconsumers (remarks: if the ingredient goes to at least 25%, it will beapplied with “dinner” rule in labeling). According to labeling modelregulations by AAFCO (the Association of American Feed ControlOfficials), an ingredient can't appear as a part of product name or behighlighted on the principal display panel if the ingredient accountsfor less than 3% in product formula on an as formulated basis.

In some embodiments, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE)pet chew (or pet chew member) includes 3%-50% pizzle ingredient.

In some embodiments, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE)pet chew (or pet chew member) includes 5%-65% (more typically 10%-25%)pizzle ingredient on an as formula basis in its formula. TheBully-Stick-LIKE pet chew (or pet chew member) with over 50% (especiallyover 65%) pizzle ingredient is considered too expensive, which couldviolate the initial intention of introducing this product. Also TheArtificial Bully Stick pet chew (or pet chew member) with over 50%(especially over 65%) pizzle ingredient is considered to be able to ruinthe “durability” of the pet chew. The reason is, the more an extrudedpet chew contains meat (meat by-product), the less durability theextruded pet chew will be with. Pizzle is an animal sourcemeat-by-product-ingredient. According to R&D findings by the inventor,10%-25% pizzle ingredient in the Artificial Bully Stick pet chew (or petchew member) is an optimized one, which provides a balance betweendurability, material cost, sufficient inherent natural pizzle flavor andnatural protein source.

We conducted palatability contrast tests to determine the startingpercentage of pizzle ingredient to put into the Artificial Bully Stickpet chew that can secure an absolute preference for dogs for the petchew. The test interprets that when the pizzle percentage goes up to 10%or larger than 10%, an absolute preference appears v.s. plain extrudedstick chews w/o pizzle ingredient. On the other hand, the more pizzle ina pet chew, the more expensive the pet chew will be. 10%-25% is apreferred pizzle percentage range in the Artificial Bully Stick pet chewthat can provide a balance between “palatability” and cost.

Preferably, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew ofpresent invention includes a plant ingredient in the formula. ThisArtificial Bully Stick pet chew product is an extruded product. Plantingredient is an often-used material for extruded products withadvantages of (point 1, 2 and 3):

1. Significantly lower cost than animal ingredients.

2. Provides vegetable nutrition offering a nutrition balance and ahealthy diet.

3. Facilitates to make the Artificial Bully Stick pet chew with idealdurability/hardness which enables it to imitate this essential propertyof traditional bully sticks. Plants especially plant starch is a goodmaterial for extruded products which can facilitate the achievement ofideal durability/hardness especially in an extruding process. A theoryexplains how it works: When the starch part of plant material is cookedor heated at a particular temperature in extruder (the temperature isgenerally >40° C. and what the particular temperature depends on thenature of various types of the starch), heat causes the crystallineregions of the starch to become diffuse, so that the chains begin toseparate into an amorphous form. The intermolecular bonds of starchmolecules begin to break down. Starch dissolves in water to a sort ofpaste status. Thus gelatinization occurs in the starch which offers thedurability/hardness property for the pet chew.

A typical material working as a plant ingredient is plant starch, suchas (but not limited to) corn starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starchand potato starch.

In some embodiments, the pet chew product includes 20%-95% (typically20%-50%) plant ingredient in weight on an as formulated basis.

It should be noted that the “plant” ingredient in present inventionrefers to all edible plant materials and edible-plant-derived materials,such as (but not limited to) vegetables, fruit, edible-plant-derivedmaterials, vegetable-derived materials, fruit-derived materials, plantprotein, vegetable protein, plant starch, vegetable starch, grains,cereals, corn, gluten-free edible plant and gluten-free vegetables.Gluten-free plant and gluten-free vegetables are preferred materials toform the “plant ingredient” since gluten materials are considered byexperts in this industry as the ones that could potentially make dogsallergic. Examples of gluten-free plant material are tapioca, soybean,sweet potato, potato and carrot.

The reasons why it is preferred to be with “<50% plant ingredients” goesas follows:

Since dogs are carnivorous, plant material does not attract pets verymuch. A pet chew product with too high plant percentage (over 50%)existing in the formula is less attractive to dogs, since dogs do notprefer vegetal material. Our tests indicate that, in an extruded petchew product, <50% plant ingredient by weight can achieve a goodmalleability and durability for an extruded piece. Too much plantingredients in it will reduce the palatability or attraction of the petchew significantly. Our tests indicate that, in a pet chew product, whenplant ingredient being >50% by weight, plant ingredient will be anabsolutely primary ingredient, which makes the pet chew NOT good inpalatability performance and not attractive to dogs. Therefore, in a petchew product, “>50% plant ingredient isn't a preferred option to formthe extruded pet chew of the present invention.

Preferably, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chewstick is typically with a length of about 6″ or 12″, which is consideredas most popular stick length welcome by consumers. Diameter of the chewstick could be 1 cm to 5 cm.

Preferably, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chewmember includes a meat (meat by-product) ingredient in the formula.

It should be noted that the “meat” ingredient in present invention isdefined as the material selected from (but not limited to) the groupconsisting of: animal flesh, animal muscle, poultry meat, chicken,chicken breast, duck, goose, turkey, venison, porcine meat, pork, bovinemeat, beef, mutton, lamb, goat meat, fish, meat meal, chicken meal, fishmeal, meat derived ingredient and poultry derived ingredient.

It should also be noted that the “meat by-product” ingredient in presentinvention is defined as the material typically selected from (but notlimited to) the group consisting of: porcine meat by-product, poultryby-product, bovine meat by-product, animal viscera, animal stomach,animal tongue, animal kidney, animal blood, animal bone, partiallydefatted low temperature fatty tissue, animal intestines, animal spleen,animal liver, animal lung, animal heart, animal pizzle, meat by-productmeal, poultry by-product meal, meat by-product derived ingredient,poultry by-product derived ingredient, animal fat and animal oil. Itshould be noted that the “meat by-product” in present invention doesn'tinclude animal hide/skin material and collagen material with the reasonsof: A, both animal hide/skin material and collagen don't have attractiveflavor urging dogs to chew. B, manufacture of animal hide and collagenis relatively unregulated industry. It may create pollution toenvironment. H2O2 and NaOH chemicals that are used for rawhidemanufacture and heavy metals may remain in finished products which harmsdogs' health.

Meat (meat by-product) ingredient is an often-used material for extrudedproducts with advantages of (point 1 and 2):

1. Inherent good palatability. Dogs are carnivorous, which have aninherent appetite to eat meat (meat by-product) food. Meat (meatby-product) ingredients in a pet chew works as an attractant providinginherent good palatability for the pet chew.

2. Nutrition. Meat (meat by-product) as a perfect source of animalprotein, offering a good nutrition to dogs.

In some embodiments, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE)pet chew (or pet chew member) includes 3%-80% (typically 10%-50%) meatingredients in its formula on an as formula basis.

The reason why it has to be with “at least 3% meat (meat by-product)ingredients” goes as follows (point 1 and 2):

1. “At least 3% meat (meat by-product)” provides basic inherentattractant attracting dogs to chew on. Per palatability tests conductedby present inventor, this Artificial Bully Stick pet chew with less than3% can't provide basic inherent attraction to dogs without aid of otherattractant ingredient. “At least 3% meat (meat by-product)” offering“start point” palatability.

2. At least 3% meat (meat by-product) in formula enables productlabeling to claim “with meat (meat by-product)” or “with real meat (meatby-product)” on consumer packages, enhancing product selling points toconsumers. A product with less than 3% meat (meat by-product) can'tindicate “with meat (meat by-product)” on package labels legally. Thisis a favorable advantage for the Artificial Bully Stick pet chew productto indicate “with meat (meat by-product)” as a part of product namewhich makes the product attractive to consumers (remarks: if theingredient goes to at least 25%, it will be applied with “dinner” rulein labelling). According to labeling model regulations by AAFCO (theAssociation of American Feed Control Officials), an ingredient can'tappear as a part of product name or be highlighted on the principaldisplay panel if the ingredient accounts for less than 3% in productformula on an as formulated basis.

Preferably, in addition to pizzle ingredient, the Artificial Bully Stick(or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew further includes a chemical in formula.The chemical is introduced to provide the Artificial Bully Stick petchew sufficient rigidity/durability and strength in finished product.The chemical is selected from the group consisting of a thickener, ahumectant, a stabilizer, an emulsifier, a gelatinizer, a binder and afiller.

The thickener is selected from the group consisting of: glucose syrup,malt syrup, soy protein Isolate, wheat protein isolate, corn proteinisolate, artemisia gum, linseed gum, deacetylated chitin, pectins,sodium alginate, xanthan gum, carrageenan; phosphated distarchphosphate, sodium lactate, diacetyl tartaric acid ester ofmono(di)glycerides(DATAE), sesbania gum, polyglycerol esters of fattyacid (polyglycerol monostearate, polyglycerol monooleate), maltitol,sorbitol, propylene glycol, ablmoschus manihot gum, β-cyclodextrin,arabic gum, starch acetate, guar gum, potassium alginate, carob beangum, gellan gum, sodium polyacrylate, distarch phosphate, gelatin,hydroxypropyl, distarch phosphate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, agar,acid treated starch, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, oxidized starchand oxidized hydroxypropyl starch.

The humectant is selected from the group consisting of: soy proteinIsolate, wheat protein isolate, corn protein isolate, glucose syrup,malt syrup, sodium pyrophosphate, trisodium orthophosphate, sodiumhexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, phosphoric acid, calciumdihydrogen phosphate, sodium lactate, maltitol, sorbitol, propyleneglycol, glycerin, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate dibasic,potassium lactate, sodium lactate, acetylated distarch phosphate andacetylated distarch adipate.

The stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of: trisodiumorthophosphate, potassium sorbate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, calciumstearoyl lactylate, phosphoric acid, hydroxypropyl starch, pectins,xanthan gum, carrageenan, sodium lactate, polyglycerol esters of fattyacid (polyglycerol monostearate, polyglycerol monooleate), maltitol,sorbitol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol esters of fatty acid andglucono delta-lactone.

The emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of: soy proteinIsolate, wheat protein isolate, corn protein isolate, Sucrose esters offatty acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, calciumstearoyl lactylate, hydroxypropyl starch, pectins, carrageenan, diacetyltartaric acid ester of mono(di)glycerides (DATAE), polyglycerol estersof fatty acid (polyglycerol monostearate, polyglycerol monooleate),maltitol, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitol, propylene glycol, propyleneglycol esters of fatty acid, polyoxyethylene xylitan monostearate,tripolyglyceryl monostearate, potassium stearate,mono-(di-,tri-)glycerides of fatty acids, modified soybean phospholipid,sodium caseinate, citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol, lactic andfatty acid esters of glycerol, sodium starch octenyl succinate andacetylated monoand diglyceride (acetic and fatty acid esters ofglycerol).

The gelatinizer is selected from the group consisting of: soy proteinIsolate, wheat protein isolate, corn protein isolate, propylene glycol,glucono delta-lactone.

The binder is selected from the group consisting of: glutinous riceflour, gelatin, linseed gum, pectins, xanthan gum, carrageenan, sesbaniagum, maltitol, sodium alginate, ablmoschus manihot gum, arabic gum, guargum, Carob bean gum, gellan gum and agar.

The filler is selected from the group consisting of: a plant material, aplant derived material, a plant protein and a plant starch, saccharide,dextrin, lactose, mineral salt and fructose.

In some embodiments, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE)pet chew of present invention is free of animal hide/skin materialsand/or free of collagen materials with the concerns of drawbacks ofanimal hide/skin and collagen mentioned in previous paragraph.

In some embodiments to form a composition for making the ArtificialBully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew, in addition to pizzleingredient, animal hide material is used. A small percentage of animalhide (for example <20%) may help strengthen the durability of the petchew stick. But due to the disadvantages of animal hide material asmentioned in above Paragraphs, animal hide material to be used to formthe composition is required to be at a limited percentage by weight.It's anticipated that when animal hide percentage in the compositiongoes higher than 50%, animal hide material will be an absolute majorityingredients existing in the pet chew formula, which makes the pet chewproduct a animal hide based product. A pet chew product made from animalhide based material is thought to significantly involve in an unhealthyproduct concern and environment harm concern. Therefore, it's preferredthat in the embodiments that animal hide exists in the formula of theArtificial Bully Stick pet chew, animal hide material account for lessthan 50% in weight in its formula. More typically, animal hide materialaccount for 5%-20% in weight in its formula.

In some embodiments of present invention, the Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew of present invention includes a pizzleingredient and a plant ingredient in the formula.

In some other embodiments of present invention, the Artificial BullyStick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew of present invention includes apizzle ingredient, a plant ingredient and a meat ingredient in theformula.

In some other embodiments of present invention, the Artificial BullyStick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew of present invention includes aplant ingredient and a meat ingredient in the formula, forming a petchew with texture resembling that of traditional bully stick product.All prior arts fail to disclose that plant and meat ingredients with aproper content percentage existing in a composition material can enablethe composition material extruded sticks to obtain a finished producttexture resembling that of traditional bully stick product.

In yet some other embodiments of present invention, the Artificial BullyStick pet chew of present invention includes a pizzle ingredient, aplant ingredient and a meat by-product ingredient in the formula.

In an embodiment of present invention, the Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew of present invention includes 5%-25% pizzle,20%-50% plant ingredient, 10%-50% meat ingredient and a chemical.

In an embodiment of present invention, the Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew of present invention includes 5%-25% pizzle,50%-90% plant ingredient and a chemical.

In an embodiment of present invention, the Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew of present invention includes 5%-25% pizzle,20%-50% plant ingredient, 10-50% animal skin ingredient and a chemical.

Preferably, the Artificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew isformed by extruding process with an extruder (typically co-extrudingprocess). The reasons for a preference of extruding process include: A,Extruding process can achieve an outer layer texture imitating that oftraditional bully sticks. Extruding process is viewed as the best one.While being extruded, a pressure acts on the composition material whichprovides durability/texture to finished products; B, perfect for a stickshaped product. C, Extruding is a very efficient process, which providesa low cost processing for making the products; D, Provides largecapacity for a single workshop with limited scale. Co-extruding is apreferred process to produce this pet chew stick product becauseco-extruding process can well provide two separate pet chew members(outer layer and inner member) with different quality, which imitatestraditional bully sticks. Now refer to FIG. 13, a drawing of a typicalextruder, a machine system for producing pet chew products. Thecomponents of the extruder are as follows: 1301—hopper, 1302—reductiongearbox, 1303—power distributor, 1305—screw, 1306—heater, 1307—extruderdie and 1308—motor.

In some embodiments of present invention, the pet chew sticks are formedby co-extruding process and the formula forming the outer layer isdifferent from the one forming the inner member. The intention to applydifferent formulas to the outer layer and the inner member is to achievedifferent texture, and/or looking, and/or coloring, and/ordurability/hardness, and/or density, etc., which could make onedistinguished from the other, imitating traditional bully stickproducts.

As a preferred process for making the Artificial Bully Stick (orBully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew of present invention, it includes (from pointA to D):

(A). Prepare composition A and B. (Composition A is for forming outerlayer of the Artificial Bully Stick pet chew and Composition B is forforming inner member of the Artificial Bully Stick pet chew. At leastone of A and B has pizzle ingredient in its formula. The whole pet chewformula may include 20%-50% plant ingredient, 10%-50% meat (meatby-product) ingredient and 5%-25% pizzle)

(B). Deliver the Composition A and Composition B into a co-extrusionextruder, and heat the compositions in the extruder at a hightemperature at least 40° C. before their being extruded at the extruderdie to a stick form. Extrude the compositions with the extruder.

(C). Divide the extruded stick to pre-determined smaller sized ones withfinished pet chew product form.

(D). Dry and harden the product by heating for sufficient time andobtain a final finished dog chew product. Moisture of final finishedproducts is 8%-18%.

Here goes some embodiments of present invention with various pet chewshapes/configurations.

Now refer to FIG. 3, 0300 is an embodiment of present invention, anedible pet chew with two separate Artificial Bully Stick chew sticks(0301 and 0302) woven together. 0303 is a groove existing in chew stick0301. 0304 is a groove existing in chew stick 0302.

Now refer to FIG. 4, 0400 is an embodiment of present invention, anArtificial Bully Stick pet chew in a spiral shape formed from originallystick shape. 0401 is a groove existing in the chew stick.

In the market of traditional bully stick, sometimes original bully stickis longitudinally split to several separate pieces of slimmer stickswith desired diameters. The slimmer sticks are packed as final productsfor consumers. Product 1000 in FIG. 10 (Prior Art) is an example of thissplit bully stick. 0901 in FIG. 10 derives from original 0901 from FIG.9 which is the outer layer of the bully stick. 0902 in FIG. 10 derivesfrom original 0902 from FIG. 9 which is the inner member of the bullystick. In some embodiments of present invention, Artificial Bully Stickpet chew imitates the traditional bully stick that is longitudinallysplit traditional bully stick as above-described. Now refer to FIG. 2,0200 is a Artificial Bully Stick pet chew stick imitating longitudinallysplit traditional bully stick.

Now refer to FIG. 5. 0500 is a dumbbell-shape edible pet chew with amember of Artificial Bully Stick chew stick 0501 and two members ofballs 0502/0503 which formed from a composition material. Members of0502/0503 are hand-made dough (balls) with ingredients including chickenbreast (30%-60%), plant protein, rice flour, glycerin, being attached tochew stick 0501 at the two ends of 0501. Member of chew stick 0501 is achew stick same as 0200 in FIG. 2. The number of composition ball couldalso vary according from 1 to 5 according to desire.

In some embodiments of present invention, an Edible Material member isapplied together with a member of Artificial Bully Stick chew stick0100, where the edible material member and the Artificial Bully Stickmember are assembled together to form a pet chew. The Artificial BullyStick chew stick 0100 may be pre-shaped to a new shape before beingassembled with the edible material member according to desired finishedpet chew structure.

In some embodiments of present invention, a member of animal hide (sayrawhide) may be applied together with a member of Artificial Bully Stickchew stick 0100, where the animal hide (say rawhide) member and theArtificial Bully Stick member are assembled together to form a pet chew.The Artificial Bully Stick chew stick 0100 may be pre-shaped to a newshape before being assembled with the animal hide member according todesired finished pet chew structure.

As a formula embodiment to form the composition to produce theArtificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew stick, thecomposition is consisting of: Rice flour (67.2%, classified as plantingredient), vegetable glycerin (8%), gelatin (7%), fresh chicken breast(5% classified as meat ingredient), ground pizzle (3%, classified aspizzle ingredient), cellulose powder (2%, classified as plantingredient), calcium carbonate (2%), sweet potato (2%, classified asplant ingredient), lecithin (1%), carrageenan gun (1%), brewers yeast(1%), titanium dioxide (0.4%), FD&C yellow 6 (0.2%), FD&C red 40 (0.1%),FD&C blue 1 (0.1%). In this formula, pizzle ingredient occupies 3% inthe formula, plant ingredient totally 71.2%, and meat 5%. Vegetableglycerin, calcium carbonate and carrageenan gum are some chemicals.

As another formula embodiment to form the composition to produce theArtificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew stick, thecomposition is consisting of: Rice flour (43.6%, classified as plantingredient), fresh chicken breast (18%, classified as meat ingredient),ground pizzle (12%, classified as pizzle ingredient), vegetable glycerin(8%), gelatin (7%), chicken cartilage (2% classified as meatingredient), cellulose powder (2%, classified as plant ingredient),calcium carbonate (2%), sweet potato (2%, classified as plantingredient), lecithin (1%), carrageenan gum (1%), brewers yeast (1%),titanium dioxide (0.4%). In this formula, pizzle ingredient occupies 12%in the formula, plant ingredient totally 47.6%, and meat totally 20%.Vegetable glycerin, calcium carbonate and carrageenan gun are somechemicals.

As another formula embodiment to form the composition to produce theArtificial Bully Stick (or Bully-Stick-LIKE) pet chew stick, thecomposition is consisting of: Fresh chicken breast (28.00%, classifiedas meat ingredient), tapioca starch (20.00%, classified as plantingredient), ground pizzle (12.00%, classified as pizzle ingredient),gelatin (12.00%), vegetable glycerin (8.00%), rawhide (5.00%), sorbitol(3.60%), cellulose powder (3.00%, classified as plant ingredient),calcium carbonate (3.00%), sweet potato (2.00%, classified as plantingredient), lecithin (1.00%), carrageenan gum (1.00%), brewers yeast(1.00%), titanium dioxide (0.40%). In this formula, pizzle ingredientoccupies 12% in the formula, meat 28% and plant ingredient totally 25%.Vegetable glycerin, sorbitol, calcium carbonate and carrageenan gun aresome chemicals.

One skilled in the art will understand that the embodiment of thepresent invention as shown in the drawings and described above isexemplary only and not intended to be limiting.

It will thus be seen that the objects of the present invention have beenfully and effectively accomplished. The embodiments have been shown anddescribed for the purposes of illustrating the functional and structuralprinciples of the present invention and is subject to change withoutdeparture from such principles. Therefore, this invention includes allmodifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An edible pet chew, comprising: an extrudedArtificial-Bully-Stick member imitating traditional dehydrated bullystick product, wherein said Artificial-Bully-Stick member is in a formimitating the appearance of traditional dehydrated bully stick product,wherein said Artificial-Bully-Stick member has a longitudinal groovepart in its body longitudinally along said Artificial-Bully-Stick memberbody, wherein said Artificial-Bully-Stick member is formed from acomposition material, wherein said composition material comprises aplant ingredient and at least 3% pizzle ingredient as formulated basisin the formula by weight, wherein said Artificial-Bully-Stick memberfurther comprises an outer layer and an inner member, wherein said outerlayer surrounds said inner member, wherein thickness of said outer layeris homogenous, said Artificial-Bully-Stick member is formed byco-extruding process, and wherein said inner member is comparativelylooser in texture than said outer layer, wherein said inner member hassmall holes spread substantially homogeneously to said inner memberbody.
 2. An edible pet chew, as recited in claim 1, wherein saidcomposition material is free of collagen.
 3. An edible pet chew, asrecited in claim 2, wherein cross section of said Artificial-Bully-Stickmember is with an outline shape substantially similar to letter “B”, orpeanut, or Arabic numerals “8” imitating traditional bully stickproduct.
 4. An edible pet chew, as recited in claim 1, wherein saidcomposition material comprises 3%-50% pizzle ingredient on an asformulated basis in the formula by weight.
 5. An edible pet chew, asrecited in claim 1, wherein said composition material comprises 10%-25%pizzle ingredient on an as formulated basis in the formula by weight. 6.An edible pet chew, as recited in claim 1, wherein said compositionmaterial further comprises 20%-95% plant ingredient on an as formulatedbasis in the formula by weight.
 7. An edible pet chew, as recited inclaim 1, wherein said composition material further comprises 20%-50%plant ingredient on an as formulated basis in the formula by weight. 8.An edible pet chew, as recited in claim 6, wherein said plant ingredientis an ingredient selected from the group consisting of: vegetables,fruit, edible-plant-derived materials, vegetable-derived materials,fruit-derived materials, plant protein, vegetable protein, plant starch,vegetable starch, grains, cereals, corn, gluten-free edible plant andgluten-free vegetables.
 9. An edible pet chew, as recited in claim 7,wherein said composition material further comprises 10%-50% meat or meatby-product ingredient on an as formulated basis in the formula by weightand a chemical.
 10. An edible pet chew, as recited in claim 1, whereinsaid composition material further comprises 10%-50% meat or meatby-product ingredient on an as formulated basis in the formula by weightand a chemical; wherein said meat ingredient is selected from the groupconsisting of: animal flesh, animal muscle, poultry meat, chicken,chicken breast, duck, goose, turkey, venison, porcine meat, pork, bovinemeat, beef, mutton, lamb, goat meat, fish, meat meal, chicken meal, fishmeal, meat derived ingredient and poultry derived ingredient; whereinsaid meat by-product ingredient is selected from the group consistingof: porcine meat by-product, poultry by-product, bovine meat by-product,animal viscera, animal stomach, animal tongue, animal kidney, animalblood, animal bone, partially defatted low temperature fatty tissue,animal intestines, animal spleen, animal liver, animal lung, animalheart, animal pizzle, meat by-product meal, poultry by-product meal,meat by-product derived ingredient, poultry by-product derivedingredient, animal fat and animal oil.
 11. An edible pet chew, asrecited in claim 6, wherein said edible pet chew further comprises anedible material member, wherein said Artificial-Bully-Stick member andsaid edible material member are assembled together to form a finalproduct.
 12. An edible pet chew, as recited in claim 11, wherein saidedible material member is an animal hide material.
 13. An edible petchew, as recited in claim 1, wherein said composition material furthercomprises a pizzle flavor ingredient.